Table of Contents
1. Overview of Bukhansan: Nature in the Heart of Seoul 2. Rocky Ridges: Climbing Baegundae and Insubong 3. Fortress Trail: Tracing History Along Bukhansanseong 4. Conclusion: Why Bukhansan Is a Must-Visit1. Overview of Bukhansan: Nature in the Heart of Seoul
Located on the northern edge of Seoul, Bukhansan National Park is a natural sanctuary embedded within a bustling metropolis. Spanning over 78 square kilometers, it boasts rugged granite peaks, lush valleys, ancient temples, and diverse wildlife. The mountain’s name means “mountain north of the Han River,” and it lives up to its reputation as a sanctuary for Seoulites seeking both serenity and challenge. Bukhansan is accessible by public transportation, and entry is free, making it one of the most visited national parks in the world.
Visitors can experience all four seasons distinctly: cherry blossoms in spring, dense green foliage in summer, brilliant autumn colors, and peaceful snowy trails in winter. The park is also home to endangered species like the Eurasian otter and long-tailed goral. Eco-tourists, hikers, and photographers flock here not only for physical activity but for emotional healing and cultural immersion.
2. Rocky Ridges: Climbing Baegundae and Insubong
One of the defining features of Bukhansan is its dramatic rock formations and challenging ridgelines. Among the most famous peaks are Baegundae (836.5m), Insubong (810.5m), and Mangyeongdae. The ascent to Baegundae, the highest point in Seoul, is not just a physical achievement but a spiritual one. The trail is well-maintained but steep, with staircases carved into rocks and fixed ropes for stability. On a clear day, the panoramic view from the top stretches across the entire city.
Insubong, often referred to as the Mecca for rock climbers, features sheer granite cliffs that attract both domestic and international climbers. This area is not for beginners—gear and expertise are a must. But even non-climbers can appreciate its majestic form from various viewpoints on surrounding trails.
For intermediate hikers, the route from Doseonsa Temple to Baegundae is recommended. It takes around 3–4 hours round-trip, depending on pace and crowd levels. Early mornings on weekdays are ideal to avoid congestion. Always bring water, snacks, and proper footwear, as the weather can shift quickly at higher altitudes.
3. Fortress Trail: Tracing History Along Bukhansanseong
One of Bukhansan's most culturally rich features is the Bukhansanseong Fortress Trail. Built during the Joseon Dynasty in 1711 to defend against northern invasions, the fortress walls span over 8 kilometers and incorporate more than 120 military facilities. Today, many sections of the wall and several gates—such as Daeseomun and Bogukmun—remain intact and walkable.
The fortress path is less steep than the rocky ridge routes and is perfect for those who want to combine nature with historical exploration. Along this trail, you’ll find tranquil spots like Seungasa Temple and scenic views of Seoul that juxtapose modern skyscrapers with centuries-old stones. Informational signboards in Korean and English enrich the experience.
The best access point for the fortress trail is the Bukhansanseong Information Center. From there, you can choose to walk a full loop or a segment, depending on your energy level. Autumn is the most scenic season, with vibrant foliage setting the fortress wall aglow in red, orange, and gold.
4. Conclusion: Why Bukhansan Is a Must-Visit
Bukhansan is not just a mountain—it is a spiritual, ecological, and historical landmark. It offers a complete outdoor experience: adrenaline-pumping climbs, peaceful forest walks, and a glimpse into Korea’s rich past. Whether you are a local or a traveler, this mountain invites you to rediscover balance, beauty, and history. Make sure to plan accordingly, respect nature, and soak in everything Bukhansan has to offer.